147 lines
4.1 KiB
Plaintext
147 lines
4.1 KiB
Plaintext
ell
|
|
===
|
|
:compact-option:
|
|
|
|
'ell' is a modified subset of Scheme with added syntax sugar, incorporating
|
|
ideas from Perl, Tcl and Bourne shell. The goal was to conceive a programming
|
|
language implementable with as little code as possible while still being
|
|
reasonably comfortable to use.
|
|
|
|
This package is an implementation of said language, meant to be self-contained,
|
|
portable and reusable. Performance is specifically not an intent.
|
|
|
|
The project is currently in a "working proof of concept" stage.
|
|
|
|
Syntax
|
|
------
|
|
Owing to its Scheme heritage, 'ell' is homoiconic, that is a program can be
|
|
directly expressed using the language's data types. There are only two of
|
|
those: the list and the string. Any numerical conversions are made on an
|
|
as-needed basis. Similarly, strings act like atoms/symbols when executed.
|
|
|
|
The parser, however, does a bunch of transformations:
|
|
|
|
* `[a b c]` makes a call to `(list a b c)`;
|
|
* `@var` is a shorthand for `(set var)`;
|
|
* `{ code }` is the most complex one. Each line within the curly braces is
|
|
wrapped in parentheses, and the resulting list is quoted, so that it doesn't
|
|
execute immediately.
|
|
|
|
As an example, consider the following snippet:
|
|
|
|
print (if { eq? @var foo } {
|
|
quote 'Hello world\n'
|
|
} else {
|
|
quote 'Error\n'
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
which gets expanded to the following:
|
|
|
|
((print (if (quote ((eq? (set var) foo)))
|
|
(quote ((quote 'Hello world\n')))
|
|
else
|
|
(quote ((quote 'Error\n'))))))
|
|
|
|
Observe that the whole program is enclosed in an implicit pair of `{}` and that
|
|
`quote` is a very powerful special form which can replace many others if needed.
|
|
|
|
Runtime
|
|
-------
|
|
All variables are put in a single global namespace with no further scoping.
|
|
When calling a command (which is a list of lists), all arguments are
|
|
automatically stored in variables named 0, 1, 2, 3, ... n. They are however
|
|
effectively inaccessible and you must rename them first using the `arg` special
|
|
form.
|
|
|
|
When evaluating a command, the first argument is typically a string with its
|
|
name and it is resolved as if `set` was called on it.
|
|
|
|
The last expression in a block is the return value.
|
|
|
|
Special forms
|
|
-------------
|
|
`quote <arg>`
|
|
|
|
Returns the first argument.
|
|
|
|
`arg <name>...`
|
|
|
|
Reassigns arguments to the current call in order to given names. This must be a
|
|
special form because of the lack of variable scoping. It needs to see arguments
|
|
from the outer scope.
|
|
|
|
Standard library
|
|
----------------
|
|
The standard library interprets the empty list and the empty string as false
|
|
values, everything else is taken as true.
|
|
|
|
`set <name> [<value>]`
|
|
|
|
Retrieves or sets a named variable.
|
|
|
|
`list`
|
|
|
|
Returns a list of parameters. The syntax sugar for lists is `[]`.
|
|
|
|
`if <cond> <body> [elif <cond> <body>]... [else <body>]`
|
|
|
|
Conditional evaluation, strings evaluate to themselves.
|
|
|
|
`for <list> <body>`
|
|
|
|
Run the body for each element.
|
|
|
|
`break`
|
|
|
|
Abort the running loop.
|
|
|
|
`map <list> <body>`
|
|
|
|
Transform each element with the given function.
|
|
|
|
`filter <list> <body>`
|
|
|
|
Return a new list consisting of matching elements only.
|
|
|
|
`.. [<string>]...`
|
|
|
|
Concatenate strings.
|
|
|
|
`print [<item>]...`
|
|
|
|
Print all items in sequence--strings directly, lists as source code.
|
|
|
|
`system <command>`
|
|
|
|
Run a system command and return its return value.
|
|
|
|
`+`, `-`, `*`, `/`
|
|
|
|
Arithmetic operations on floating point numbers.
|
|
|
|
`=`, `<>`, `<`, `>`, `<=`, `>=`
|
|
|
|
Arithmetic comparisons on floating point numbers.
|
|
|
|
`eq?`, `ne?`, `lt?`, `gt?`, `le?`, `ge?`
|
|
|
|
Simple string comparisons.
|
|
|
|
Contributing and Support
|
|
------------------------
|
|
Use this project's GitHub to report any bugs, request features, or submit pull
|
|
requests. If you want to discuss this project, or maybe just hang out with
|
|
the developer, feel free to join me at irc://irc.janouch.name, channel #dev.
|
|
|
|
Bitcoin donations: 12r5uEWEgcHC46xd64tt3hHt9EUvYYDHe9
|
|
|
|
License
|
|
-------
|
|
'ell' is written by Přemysl Janouch <p.janouch@gmail.com>.
|
|
|
|
You may use the software under the terms of the ISC license, the text of which
|
|
is included within the package, or, at your option, you may relicense the work
|
|
under the MIT or the Modified BSD License, as listed at the following site:
|
|
|
|
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html
|